The Incidence of Dental Needs During Isolated Missions Compared to Non-isolated Missions: A Systematic Review and Implications for Future Prevention Strategies.

INTRODUCTION: Dental emergencies in isolated groups have always been difficult to treat. Especially in people or groups who cannot be evacuated and who need urgent dental assistance: long-term submarine missions, long-term spaceship trips, military or non-governmental organizations deployments in conflict areas, military maneuvers, etc. The dental and evacuation problems could put the success of the mission at risk, with relevant associated economic and strategic costs. Our study summarizes current evidence about dental problems in isolated personnel (submarines and Antarctic missions) compared to other non-isolation conditions (military deployment in conflict area, military maneuvers) with the objective to assess the need for specific dental equipment in special long-term isolation conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched Medline, Cochrane Library, and Dentalgate between 1960 and 2017 for studies reporting dental disease in long-term isolation conditions (minimum 1 month) versus non-isolation conditions. We conducted the systematic review with all studies fitting the inclusion criteria. The comparison of the incidence rate was performed fitting a Poisson regression model to see the effect of the individual's condition on the incidence of dental event. RESULTS: Thirty-eight studies were included in the systematic review. Antarctic missions showed a higher dental incidence rate compared to non-isolation conditions, but submarine missions showed the lowest dental incidence rate. In the sub-analysis of acute dental events, those with great impact on unit effectiveness, the incidence rates were higher. Caries and secondary decay events were the most prevalent dental problem in all conditions, followed by periodontal pathology and fractures of teeth or tooth problems not due to tooth decay in isolation conditions, and then by molar problems and endodontic problems in non-isolation conditions. The most common acute dental events were third molar problems and endodontic problems in all conditions. CONCLUSION: This systematic review shows that the incidence of dental pathology in long-term isolation conditions may seem relatively infrequent but it exists and is relevant. Dental events are unpredictable, unrelated to trauma, and caused mainly by poor dental status. Preventive measures considerably reduce dental prevalence.

Betel and tobacco chewing habit and its relation to risk factors for periodontal disease.

OBJECTIVES: To comparatively assess periodontal status in patients who chew different products and patients who do not have this habit and to assess how this practice interacts with predisposing factors and risk indicators of disease. METHODS: Patients included in the dental care carried out in a rural community in India were considered for a cross-sectional study. The simplified oral hygiene index and the community periodontal index (CPI) were assessed. Furthermore, a validated survey with items concerning chewing habits was administered. Statistical analysis of the effects of age range, gender, chewing products and hygiene status on CPI was performed. RESULTS: In total, 1,023 patients met the inclusion criteria. The chewer patients (430) exhibited a significantly higher CPI than the non-chewers (593). The chewing habit increased the likelihood of a higher CPI by 6.76-fold, while excellent-good oral hygiene status decreased the probability of a higher CPI by approximately 45%. CPI did not differ significantly among chewers of different products. CONCLUSION: In the population studied, a chewing habit was associated with a worse periodontal status, and this association was not modified by gender and age as predisposing factors. Oral hygiene could decrease the effect of chewing habit on periodontal health.

Morfología de los conductos radiculares de premolares superiores e inferiores / Anatomic mrphology of both upper and lower root canal premolars

El propósito de este estudio fue caracterizar la anatomía de los conductos radiculares de dientes premolares superiores e inferiores provenientes de pacientes espaoles. Fueron seleccionados 200 dientes premlares permanetes sometidos a diafanización. Para el estudio de los conductos radiculares se empleó la clasificacion de Vertucci. La incicia de conducto tipo I (un conducto) para los primeros premolares superiores fue de 5,88%, mientres que un 88,22% presentó dos conductos (de tipo II a tipo VI). Sólo el 5,88% de los primeros premolares superiores fueron tipos VIII (tres conductos). En los segundos premolares superiores, la incidencia de un conduto (tipo I) fue de 39, 65% y el 60,31• presentaron dos conductos ( de tipo II a tipo VII). La incidencia e un conducto (tipo I) fue de 68,18% para los primeros premolares inferiores y un 31,8%) presentó dos conductos (de tipo II a tipo V). En los segundos premolares inferiores, la incidencia de tipo I (un conducto) fue de 73,91%, mientras que el 26,08% presentó dos conductos (de tipo IV a V). Salvo en el caso del segundo premolar inferir, nuestros resultados coincidieron con los detrabajos previos hechos en otras poblaciones (AU)

The aim of this investigation was to study the root canal anatomy of maxillary and mandibular premolars teeth form Spanish population, 200 extracted permanet premolars were studied using a clearing technique. The exaination of root canal systems of the teeth was based on Vertucci´s clssification. The incidence of type I canal (one canal) for the maxillary first premolars was 5,88% whereas 88,22% of the total samples showed two canals (from type II to type VI), Only 5,88% of maxillary first premolars were type VIII (three canals). In maxillary second premolars, the incidence of type I (one canal) was 39.65%, whreas it was 60,31% for type II to type VII (two canals). Regarding mandibular premlars, the incidece of type I (one canal) for the mandibular first preolars was 68,18% and 31,8% for type II to type V (Two canals). In the mandibular second premolars, the incidence of type I (one canal) was 73,91% and 26,08% for type IV to V (two canals). Except for the second mandibular premolar, our results were in accordance with previous studies referred in the literature (AU)

Técnicas de diafanización: estudio comparativo / No disponible

Las técnicas de diafanización dental, han sido frecuentemente empleadas para evaluar diferentes aspectos anatómicos y endodóncicos, son muy variables y se utilizan principalmente con objetivos docentes. El propósito de éste estudio consistió en comparar la transparencia y dureza de la dentina entre grupos de dientes diafanizados mediante diferentes técnicas y comparar además su eventual idoneidad para realizar técnicas endodóncicas. Las técnicas de diafanización empleadas fueron: la técnica de Okumura-Aprile, Venturi, Robertson y dos modificaciones de esta última. Para el análisis de los datos obtenidos de la transparencia se utilizó un modelo de análisis de varianza (ANOVA) a dos vías y el test Tukey HSD (Tukey Honest Significant Difference). Los datos obtenidos de la dureza fueron analizados mediante el Test de Medicanas y el Test de Mann-Whitney. Nuestro resultados demuestran que la dureza de la dentina de los dientes diafanizados es igual independientemente de la técnica utilizada, mientras que la transparencia de los dientes diafanizados sí difiere de manera significativa en función de la técnica utilizada(AU)

The clearing technique has been proposed to evaluate different anatomical and endodontic aspects, they are very variable and they are used mainly with educational objective. The purpose of this study consisted in to compare the transparency and hardness of the dentin between groups of cleared teeth by different techniques and to compare in addition its possible suitability to make endodontic techniques. The clearing techniques used were: Okumura-Aprile, Venturi, Robertson and two modified Robertson techniques. The resultant data of transparency was analyzed by two-way ANOVA test and HDS (Honest Significant Difference) Turkey test. The Means test and Mann-Whitney test were employed to compare the hardness. It is concluded that that the hardness of the dentin of the cleared teeth is equal independently of the used technique, whereas the transparency of the cleared teeth differs form significant way based on the used technique(AU)

[Studies on the benefits of using assistants in the dental clinic]. / Estudios de rentabilidad asistencial en la clinical dental.

We've analysed the systematization in odontological assistance in fifty dental clinics placed in our area. The variables examined: Working hours per day, working days per week, weeks of holiday per year, patients treated per year, number of dental assistants, number of operatories room. We've calculated a series of formulas and compared them with ideal values.